Organizing function of management

Organizing function of management Introduction The success of an organization is dependent on the quality, timeliness, and responsiveness of decisions made by its leaders. When managers make effective decisions that respond to the prevailing challenges, their organization enjoy high competitiveness to their competitors.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organizing function of management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Sanchez Mahoney, 1996, managerial roles can be classified into four main categories as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling/monitoring; efficient managers are able to effectively combine the four dimensions of management for the benefit of their organization. Organizing function of management involves putting factors of production into optimal use to attain competitiveness (Sanchez Mahoney, 1996). This paper discusses the organizing function of management. Organizing function of management According to R obey Sayles, 1994, firms have human, information, physical, and financial resources; it is through the resources that they are expected to take advantage of market opportunities and mitigate any risk associated with the market. To manage and take advantage of prevailing business opportunities as well as mitigate against business risks, resources need to be managed effectively. Management have the role of enacting policies and strategies that optimally utilize their resources to add value to their customers; they have the task of optimally managing resources and ensuring that maximum gain has been derived from them. Organizing function of management ensures that activities are optimally managed; processes and allocation of factors of production are managed to produce expected results. Organizations should ensure activities are well thought and coordinated for positive results and mitigate any business threats (Robey Sayles, 1994). Van Fleet Bedeian, 1977, suggest that leaders with in an organization have the role of establishing the right channels through which their business processes should follow for the benefit of their firms. Effectively managed organizations have their resources optimally utilized and well planned to attain high results. When planning management should be in the forefront making strategies that should be followed to attain the desired result; contemporary business environment has numerous challenges that needs to be critically approached. To critically handle issues, management have the role of organizing their organisations strengths for the good of stakeholders.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Organizing is an act that results to well coordinate activities; the activities are operated in such a way that they will attain certain desired results. In the input-out analysis, managers have the role of ensuring th e inputs they have put in a process has given the desired output; in the event that some deficit have been noted, it should be the start point of remedy (Van Bedeian, 1977). Organization goals, missions, and visions can only be attained if the management organizes processes effectively; this includes undertaking input-output analysis and undertaking numerous internal and external environment analysis using management policies like S.W.O.T. (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis, P.E.S.T.L.E. (Political, social, Ecological, Technological, legal, and environmental) analysis, and using porters five forces. Organizing takes the form of continuous process where the management engages in day-to-day activities and looks into the right method or process to improve the performance of the processes. When processes are undertaken effectively and expected results have been attained; management should not relax and think they have attained the optimal process; they should aim at developing other better methods of attaining their goals and objectives. Business competitiveness is attained when a company is able to enact policies that organize their processes and resources to attain low production cost, improved value, and increase human resources motivation. When a company is able to produce resources at low costs, it can sell them at relatively low costs than its competitors thus making it more competitive. On the other hand when value within an organization and its processes is improved, customers are satisfied with the products they get from the system. When customers are satisfied with the output of a company, they develop customer loyalty to the company’s products which is a competitive tool. Although the three articles by Sanchez Mahoney, Van Fleet Bedeian, Robey Sayles, have emphasized the need for management to make strategic organizing decisions, all the three articles have ignored the role that staffs/human resources (subordinates) play in the organizing functions. To effectively manage resources, organizations need the right systems, and the right employees; the right employees are the ones who can assist management come up with decisions that are responsive to the organization needs. If management make quality decisions and they lack a framework through which the decision will be implemented, then the results of the quality decisions will not be good (Weygandt, Kimmel Kieso, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organizing function of management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Managerial decisions determine the degree at which corporate goals and objective will be attained; one characteristic of effective managers is effective organization. Managers are expected to they combine human, psychical, and financial resources optimally to attain desired corporate results. When undertaking the organizing role, managers should be guided by industrial treads and undertake input-output analysis to make the right decisions. References Robey,D., Sayles, C.A.(1994). Designing organizations. Irwin: Burr Ridge. Sanchez,R., Mahoney,J.(1996). Modularity, flexibility and knowledge management in product and organization design. Strategic Management Journal, 17(1), 63-76. Van Fleet, D., Bedeian, A. (1977). A history of the span of management. Academy of management Review, 2(1), 356-375. Weygandt, J., Kimmel, P., Kieso, D. (2009). Managerial Accounting: Tools for Business Decision Making. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

How Radio Waves Help Us Understand the Universe

How Radio Waves Help Us Understand the Universe Humans perceive the universe using visible light that we can see with our eyes. Yet, theres more to the cosmos than what we see using the visible light that streams from stars, planets, nebulae, and galaxies. These objects and events in the universe also give off other forms of radiation, including radio emissions. Those natural signals fill in an important part of the cosmic of how and why objects in the universe behave as they do. Tech Talk: Radio Waves in Astronomy Radio waves are electromagnetic waves (light), but we cant see them. They have wavelengths between 1 millimeter (one-thousandth of a meter) and 100 kilometers (one kilometer is equal to one thousand meters). In terms of frequency, this is equivalent to 300 Gigahertz (one Gigahertz is equal to one billion Hertz) and 3 kilohertz. A Hertz (abbreviated as Hz) is a commonly used unit of frequency measurement. One Hertz is equal to one cycle of frequency. So, a 1-Hz signal is one cycle per second. Most cosmic objects emit signals at hundreds to billions of cycles per second. People often confuse radio emissions with something that people can hear. Thats largely because we use radios for communication and entertainment. But, humans do not hear radio frequencies from cosmic objects. Our ears can sense frequencies from 20 Hz to 16,000 Hz (16 KHz). Most cosmic objects emit at Megahertz frequencies, which is much higher than the ear hears. This is why radio astronomy (along with x-ray, ultraviolet, and infrared) is often thought to reveal an invisible universe that we can neither see nor hear. Sources of Radio Waves in the Universe Radio waves usually are emitted by energetic objects and activities in the universe. The   Sun is the closest source of radio emissions beyond Earth. Jupiter also emits radio waves, as do events occurring at Saturn. One of the most powerful sources of radio emission outside of the solar system, and beyond the Milky Way  galaxy, comes from active galaxies (AGN). These dynamic objects are powered by supermassive black holes at their cores. Additionally, these black hole engines will create massive jets of material that glow brightly with radio emissions. These can often outshine the entire galaxy in radio frequencies. Pulsars, or rotating neutron stars, are also strong sources of radio waves. These strong, compact objects are created when massive stars die as  supernovae. Theyre  second only to black holes in terms of ultimate density. With powerful magnetic fields and fast rotation rates, these objects emit a broad spectrum of  radiation, and they are particularly bright in radio. Like supermassive black holes, powerful radio jets are created, emanating from the magnetic poles or the spinning neutron star. Many pulsars are referred to as radio pulsars because of their strong radio emission. In fact, data from the  Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope  showed evidence of a new breed of pulsars that appears strongest in gamma-rays instead of the more common radio. The process of their creation remains the same, but their emissions tell us more about the energy involved in each type of object.   Supernova remnants themselves can be particularly strong emitters of radio waves. The Crab Nebula is famous for its radio signals that alerted astronomer Jocelyn Bell to its existence.   Radio Astronomy Radio astronomy is the study of objects and processes in space that emit radio frequencies. Every source detected to date is a naturally occurring one. The emissions are picked up here on Earth by  radio telescopes. These are large instruments, as it is necessary for the detector area to be larger than the detectable wavelengths. Since radio waves can be larger than a meter (sometimes much larger), the scopes are typically in excess of several meters (sometimes 30 feet across or more). Some wavelengths can be as large as a mountain, and so astronomers have built extended arrays of radio telescopes.   The larger the collection area is, compared to the wave size, the better the angular resolution a radio telescope has. (Angular resolution is a measure of how close two small objects can be before they are indistinguishable.) Radio Interferometry Since radio waves can have very long wavelengths, standard radio telescopes need to be very large in order to obtain any sort of precision. But since building stadium size radio telescopes can be cost prohibitive (especially if you want them to have any steering capability at all), another technique is needed to achieve the desired results. Developed in the mid-1940s, radio interferometry aims to achieve the kind of angular resolution that would come from incredibly large dishes without the expense. Astronomers achieve this  by using multiple detectors in parallel with each other. Each one studies the same object at the same time as the others. Working together, these telescopes effectively act like one giant telescope the size of the whole group of detectors together. For example, the Very Large Baseline Array has detectors 8,000 miles apart. Ideally, an array of many radio telescopes at different separation distances would work together to optimize the effective size of the collection area as well improve the resolution of the instrument. With the creation of advanced communication and timing technologies, it has become possible to use telescopes that exist at great distances from each other (from various points around the globe and even in orbit around  the Earth). Known as Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), this technique significantly improves the capabilities of individual radio telescopes and allows researchers to probe some of the most dynamic objects in the  universe. Radios Relationship to Microwave Radiation The radio wave band also overlaps with the microwave band (1 millimeter to 1 meter). In fact, what is commonly called  radio astronomy, is really microwave astronomy, although some radio instruments do detect wavelengths much beyond 1 meter. This is a source of confusion as some publications will list the microwave band and radio bands separately, while others will simply use the term radio to include both the classical radio band and the microwave band. Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Research project (body scanning technology) Paper

Project (body scanning technology) - Research Paper Example These body imaging scanners can be found in several areas of the security industry, including in commercial loss prevention and in government buildings that require an extra level of security. However, one of the most popularly discussed usages of the technology is in airports, and in 2010 it was announced that these would be put into use at 28 airports in the United States, including New Yorks JFK and Fort Lauderdale International. The use of these has been defended by the US Homeland Security Secretary, who says that these will severely reduce incidences of smuggling, terrorism and on-flight crime. The following essay will discuss the technology in detail, including full details on the benefits that these machines can bring to the security industry. Following this, the privacy concerns which have been raised will be covered, as will the health issues that have been linked to the machines. Particular focus will be on the privacy concerns that have been dominating the media with rega rds to this technology, as it is a particularly pressing issue for those who feel we may be lapsing into a Big Brother state, as well as those who feel uncomfortable with the use and possible storage of these images. Body scanning technology is based on the principle of the millimeter wave. Most materials used for clothing are transparent when viewed under this frequency of radio band, and images taken by these scanners will therefore show any concealed objects that may not be evident to the naked eye. The scanners come in two forms, known as active and passive. The passive form is one that uses the natural energy emitted from objects, and is generally considered to be as safe as a digital camera for the person being photographed. The active scanners rely on directing these millimeter radio waves at the object and then reading the energy which has been directed back (Laskey, 2010). This

Economics of Warfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics of Warfare - Essay Example For instance, some numbers only include civilians and does not count those who are in the military and those who are in the militia groups that have been resisting the government. In all, the number of deaths is very high (Atassi, 2013). Children have not been left behind have hundreds of them have faced death as a result of the attack. What is even more unfortunate is that some of these children have died from attacked from the government. However, the government has denied any of these allegations. However, it is clear that both the government and the militias have caused deaths of non-resisting civilians (Rabil, 2003). The Syrian economy has also been affected badly from the war. Like many wars, the Syrian war has affected the ability of the country to produce economically. Syrian exports have been reduced by over 75 percent, and the country is no longer able to export the exports it used to export which development agencies valued at $2.73 billion in 2010. These losses have brought many problems to the country, including illnesses that have been caused mainly by the lack of adequate proper basic amenities such as sanitation services. Syria is one example of how war can affect the economy. As Reynolds (2003) says, most non-economists tend to think that the major economic cost of a war is the money used to manufacture the equipment for war. They also consider the cost of war to involve cost to pay the soldiers to carry out the war. But as has been seen in Syria and indeed in many other wars around the word, there are many other economic issues that come from war (Benet, 2014). However, the economics effect of the Syrian war is only affecting Syria. It is affecting the rest the world, especially Europe. As Lobello (2013) says, even though Syria itself is not a major producer of oil, the conflict in Syria is affecting the prices of oil

TV Violence :: essays research papers

The average American child watches an average of three to four hours of television daily. Over a year’s time that add up to about 12,000 violent acts witnessed on television (Television†¦Children). After a child has witnessed a violent program, they tend to act different. Parents need to be able to distinguish between dramatic or imaginative play and imitation. During dramatic play children create new and varied roles which represent different experiences in their lives. However, during imitative play children simply repeat stereotyped roles from the screen, often repeating scripts or sound bites from the television. In drama play language may be made up, use codes, and special names. Numerous studies have been done in the last thirty years about the problems with viewing programs that contain violence. The majority of research done has been on television/cartoon violence; focusing on how viewing violence causes aggressive behavior in the viewer (The Effects†¦Violence). One study, done by Athena Huston, Ph.D., used 100 preschool children. Half of them were males and the other half females. The little children were observed before and after they viewed violent and non-violent shows. The group that viewed the violence were more likely to hit out at their playmates, argue, disobey class rules, and were less willing to wait for things and turns than the group that viewed non-violent material (Violence and Television). It seems that children who view large amounts of violence on television are likely to become desensitized to all kinds of violence-televised or real, and more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways towards others (Violence on Television). Ch ildren become physiologically aroused and express impulses during and after seeing it on television. For example, the Power Rangers, Batman, and many other cartoons show fighting is good. The characters â€Å"beat up† the bad guys and get praised for doing so. While the child is watching he/she sometimes acts out what is being seen. No one dies in these shows, however, the wrong idea about fighting and violence is being taught to our kids (Television Violence). A study investigated the effects of the â€Å"Mighty Morphin Power Rangers† on aggression. It found that young children in a group who watched a televised episode committed seven times more aggressive acts in a two minute play period than did a control group (Television†¦Children:Boyatizis,1995). As children grow they are able to distinguish between fantasy and reality. This usually happens around the age of seven or eight.

Early Warning Systems Essay

There is a connection between delivery of service, employee training and the employees’ behavior. The research paper undertakes to find out the early warning systems used by low enforcement agencies to identify a problem police officer and to reduce citizen complains. This is a crucial research question for all law enforcement agencies and members of the public especially those in proximity to law enforcers. Background of the Research. Most law enforcement agencies do not take the public complains as an indication of needs to identify a problem police officer among them.. It may a source for need to change tact of doing things, change method or systems of identifying problem officers in the force. Early indicators for a problem officer vary from one force to another depending the nature of their work. Reporting to duty has become one of single most important indicator of a problem police officer in law enforcement agencies today. Other systems have been proposed and are in use in various agencies in various countries. If you look at our people today the majority of them have no confidence in law enforcers not because of any peculiar reasons but due to the ignoring the problem officers of the enforcers. In world today, the government has introduced a governing paper as relates to systems of identifying of problem officers. Statement of the Problem I chose to work on this question because it directly affects the performance of duties by police officers, reduces public confidence of law enforcers as well law enforcers’ confident public relations, performance and their future ambitions and targets. If a law enforcer is not performing his duties very well and his colleagues note that they may be demotivated to perform their duties while other will absent themselves from their places of work, others will get excuses of not coming to work. Therefore police officers are required to constructively work as per the required as per the rules and regulations.. This will set good goals that he is going to achieve in his lifetime. When there are early warning systems implemented it will be easier for the police officers’ to improve their performance and the level of service to the public will be highly improved. The performance level of a law enforcer can be perfect if he/she engages in on regular professional development. There is a relationship between an officer’s performance level and implemented problem identification is correlated . When an officer knows that there are systems that will identify problems among themselves they will work hard and improve their performance as well as learn new things, new concepts, gets challenges, encounters obstacles, learns how to solve his own problems, learns to be independent and all this challenges will enable the performance improve. Though these challenges an officer will be competent and learn more on his own. Objectives of the Research The answers to this question will enhance my professional knowledge and competence in many ways. As a professional I will learn early identification systems implemented by other law enforcers in identifying problem police officer and ensuring that problems are solve before they get out of hand.. I will use what I have learned from this research to advise my enforcement agency on ways to identify a problem police officer and how to go around solving the problem. I will encourage my colleagues to learn, be creative, hardworking, independent and know how to solve problems on there own without superiors interference. The answers to this question also will assist me as a professional by motivating me to ensure that my performance and that of subordinates is improved. I will be regularly counterchecking whether the subordinates have performed their duties properly, perfectly and to the required standards. If officers have not done their duties properly they will be given close check to determine problem solving techniques to use in each case. Literature Review Act Utilitarianism: Utilitarianism states that the morality of an incident is determined by its outcome. The consequence is the main element here and it should lead to ultimate pleasure according to the theory. Thus this theory depicts that the morally correct action is that whose consequence creates ultimate happiness. Act Utilitarianism is a utilitarian theory of ethics which depicts that morally right action is that which is able to produce greatest amount of happiness to greatest number of people through its consequences. This theory does not connect to general rule; instead it demands evaluation of the circumstances by the agent (Act Utilitarianism nod. ). The objection to this theory states that it is too much permissive and can justify any crime if presented with valuable consequences. Another objection is that the theory has less practical use than its theoretical depiction as most of the time we do not get enough time to predict consequences and assess the values of them. In the case given the dilemma of using deception can be resolved absolutely if thought according to Act Utilitarianism Theory. This theory says that morality of an action is determined by its consequences. In the current scenario the consequence of the child being safe can surely determine the morality of using deception. But if it is found that Sylvester is not guilty then the consequences will not be able to justify the act of using deception. Rule Utilitarianism: It is also known as Restricted or Indirect Utilitarianism. This theory deals with the correctness of the rules. It states that moral actions are that which conform to the rules leading to greatest good. The correctness of the rule is determined by the amount of good it could generate. Another variation of the theory is that practicing some rule in all instances always generate good results overall than practicing any exception. Act Utilitarianism, as opposed to Rule Utilitarianism, stresses the consequence of the action without any reference about the rule followed. The objection against this theory says that it depicts following of such rules which will surely not produce best results. Another objection is that it may depict such rules, which are best to follow, but it is clear that none will do so. It is also very difficult sometimes to differentiate this theory from Act Utilitarianism (Rule Utilitarianism n. d. ). In the present context it is clearly not possible to predict the consequences of use of deception. Thus the theory requires following the general rule of non deception to reach the consequence but it leads to the objection that following this rule may not generate the desired result. Immanuel Kant’s Theory In his theory Kant depicted that there are two aspects of reality, one as we observe it to be and the other as it really is irrespective of any conceptual framework of the observer. He also told that human being observe the world through conceptual framework and not only by the inputs from the world. He argued that causality is not something we observe in nature but it is something we insist ourselves. According to him human beings are of free will and become subject of causality when through other’s experience. Kant stated that the reasoning of human beings dictate them to perform certain actions, i. e. , human beings are guided by their rationality. One is behaving rationally when s/he is consistent. The inconsistency takes place when one’s will guides a thing to happen and not to happen. The person then needs to articulate the principle whether the action has any negative implication on the principle itself. Kant’s rationality thus believes in setting examples for others whether they should follow the principle or not. Thus Kant’s rationality rules out some actions. According to Kant’s â€Å"Hypothetical Imperatives† reasons just help securing the thing which we actually wanted. But he argued the role of reasoning is not to issue â€Å"Hypothetical Imperatives† but to ensure that human beings do not act inconsistently. According to his thought about â€Å"Duty† one should not lie no matter how necessary it is. Kant advocated that morality is the most important aspect while judging somebody’s action. The â€Å"Golden Rule of Kant† advises to act on that maxim which leads to universal law (Kant’s Theory of Ethics n. d. ). According to Kant’ Theory human beings should act rationally in such a way that the action is consistent to universal law. But using deception can not be consistent to universal law. Again he stated that one should not lie no matter what the reason is. But deception is nothing but lying. Role of reasoning is not to help to find ways according to will but to guide towards consistency. Thus the main principle of Kant’s Theory completely applies to the dilemma here about whether to lie or not and whether to act in such a way which does not support the universal law. Methodology There are two methods of research/ data collection in research papers: that is quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative method is applicable where the problem is known, the problem is based on theories and can be measured in numbers. The analysis can be done on tables, graphs, pie charts, gnat charts and other statistical theories and it relies on assumptions. There are a number of methods which are under quantitative methods. These include surveys, experiments and quasi experiment. Qualitative method is different from quantitative because it is used to measure human feelings, attitudes and perceptions. In this research question both methods will be used. This is because most data will be collected from students who will go on homework fitness and other available research work carried out from somewhere else on the topic. The problem of this research question is how and which direction the research problem will take. There is always a connection between the research from the research question and the methods or the collection tools used, since it influences the conclusions and the recommendations. Qualitative method will be used to collect the student’s opinions, attitudes, perceptions and feelings on the homework fitness. Interviews will be carried out as well as observation will be done. Quantitative method will be used in collecting actual facts in numerical at the same time; analysis of the data will be done in the form of tables, graphs and other statistical tools. The data for this research has been obtained from internet sources, books and journals. These two sources of data collections have weaknesses as described below Sources of data The data that will be used in this research will be collected from: – i. Books ii. Internet i. Books: Most of the materials to be used in this report will be collected from books. Many books have been written covering issues of students. I will collect the relevant material from books that show the relationship between students engaging in fitness homework on student’s fitness level. Books will offer me with good general information that will assist me to complete this project. Most books have bibliography from the back where more information about student’s fitness home will be obtained. ii. Internet The internet is also a very good source of data. In the internet different topics have been covered. Through the internet I will collect the relevant materials that show the relationship between students engaging in fitness home on student’s fitness level. Through the internet I will be able to get the latest journals and conference papers that cover my topic in greater depths. Through the internet I will be able also to request for more materials in the form of CDs for further reference. Through the internet I will learn more from conference papers about the relationship between students engaging in fitness homework on student fitness level. For further reference I will use the internet facilities in offloading more relevant literature form digital library. Data collection tools and methods The relevant data to be used in this research will be collected in two ways namely:- i. By use of questionnaires ii. Through Interviews. Questionnaires The data that will be used in this report will be collected through questionnaires. Questionnaire involves asking various questions from the students, parents, teachers concern the question topic. This will be used to obtain important information about the relationship between students engaging in fitness homework on student’s fitness level. This research will employ two categories of questionnaires. The first category of questionnaires will be structured or close ended. Here I will offer a list of all possible alternatives from which respondent best describes the situation. They will be in form of multiple choices. A question will be asked and below it will be a list of all possible alternatives will be provided. The advantage of using questionnaires is that most people do not want to think hard, the answers are there and the respondent cannot be intimidated. Unstructured or open ended types of questionnaires will also be employed to make this research a success. These types of questions will give the respondent freedom of response and permit an individual to respond in his or her own words. Through this type of questionnaires we will be able to get more information about relationship between students engaging in fitness homework on student’s fitness level, different from or in more detailed way than what we have. These questionnaires will be researcher administered. The researcher goes with the questionnaires himself and administers the questions by himself. Interviews The data to be used in this research will also be collected through interviews. An interview is an oral administration of questionnaire or interview schedule. It will involve a face to face encounter schedule. It will also involve a face to face encounter. This interview schedules will be in two forms, structured and structured questions or semi structural questions. Responses during interviews could be recorded either by note-taking or tape recording. Expected Result a) Keeping records of attendance of police officer to identify the lateness of police officers this will assist in ensuring police officer with problem of attendant or absenteeism have been identified and rectified. . b) Good communication system. Goo communicated systems have been used to identify police officers who have problems within the force but have resorted to report. C good disciplinary procedures have been implementing to be followed when a police officer has been found with a problem. D. sexual harassment policy has been implemented by the force and reporting procedures have been written down to ensure that the police officer whose has been sexually harassed has been reported and the matters investigated. Sexually harassment police is one of the best systems that has been implemented to help reduce of the problem E. cord of conduct for the police to be followed any police officer who does not follow the cord of ethics laid down will be said to contravene the systems that have been laid down. F. racial discrimination the police force has laid down grievance procedures to be followed in case there is racial discrimination. This is a system that is related with the other system of sexual discrimination. There is also whistle blowing police that has been laid down by police officers to detect police officers who are not working in line with the police department. Conclusion-: The implemented systems by most police force or law agencies relates to the policies that has been laid down by the police force. The policies form systems to be used to identify a problem within the force. Various policies have been emulated to include racial discrimination, sexual discrimination whistle blowing and grievance procedures. Deception among police officers will amount to failure of police officer to perform his duties. References Armstrong M. 2001. A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, Kogan Page Limited . Folger, R. 2001. In S. W. Gilliland, D. D. Steiner, & D. P. Skarlicki (Eds. ), Research in social issues in management: 3–31. Greenwich, CT: Information Age. Creswell, J. W. (1994). Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Sage Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA. Mason, J. (1996). Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Mutai, B (2000) – How to write quality research proposal: a complete and simplified recipe. The Urey publications. Kathari, C . R. (2003) – Research Methodology Methods and Techniques- WISHwa Prakashan, New Delhi.

Security Sector Reform - 678 Words

SECURITY SECTOR REFORM Before I proceed, please allow me to give a sincere opinion on Lt Gen Gaudencio S. Pangilinan AFP (Ret) regarding his lecture on Security Sector Reform. These are what I think that makes Gen Pangilinan a good lecturer/speaker. He is a subject matter expert, knows the subject well, and can expand beyond basic concepts readily found in books. He communicates well and is very dedicated in what he is doing. Nothing new about Security Sector Reform (SSR) as we all know that SSR is a concept that was first developed in the 1990s in Eastern Europe. Since it has no fixed definition and no single model of a security sector exists, SSR generally refers to a process to reform or rebuild a states security sector. In†¦show more content†¦In those settings, making people feel safe and secure and (re)-building confidence between the State and its people is vital for sustainable peace and development. In different contexts, from Gen Pangilinan’s lecture, I was informed that SSR can even prevent conflicts or crises from emerging or resurging and it is also a process that many States undertake on a regular basis to respond to emerging threats or potential internal or external pressures. To conclude, the Philippines has yet to show its true colors but the time will come for the Philippines to rise as a key player regionally and internationally, provided these challenges have been addressed and resolved. For example, the lack of transparency in the security sector. Until today, the Philippines does not have a published national security white paper to inform the public of the government security policy and predicaments. Thus, with regards to the above matter, I have a few recommendations to overcome these challenges, because the Philippines is facing internal armed challenges affecting the good governance of the security sector, the government has to address the structural causes of internal armed conflicts, insurgency, terrorism and political unrests. Therefore, comprehensive structural reforms are imperative for SSR. Structural reformsShow MoreRelatedSecurity Sector Reform in Afghanistan841 Words   |  3 PagesSecurity Sector Reform (SSR) first emerged in the 1990s around Eastern Europe. SSR can help fix dysfunctional security sectors in countries emerging from years of internal warfare. The armed forces and police embrace a new mission of meeting the human security needs of their population. SSR targets all state institutions and ensures the security of the state and its people. 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There are many things that help in the contribution of security sector reform to sustainable peace such as how to best reform, analyzing other examples, understanding the impact of successful reform, understanding the transformation between different situations, and using examples to identify challenges with secu rity sector reform. One of the most importantRead MoreNational Peace Essay1334 Words   |  5 Pagesmay find itself back in a similar situation. That is precisely why security sector reform plays such a huge role in a countries well-being. Many security sectors in dictating countries are used to macabre displays of superiority to maintain control. Turning the security sector into trustworthy and approachable is no menial task, but it is essential to sustainable peace. New governments cannot be truly trusted unless the security sector protects its people instead of turning on them. For new and unstableRead MoreNational Peace and Security737 Words   |  3 PagesSecurity is everywhere. It is needed for virtually everything that is accessed today. From starting your car, to logging onto Facebook, to clocking in at work, security is always present. One of the most noticeable forms of security is the police and the Army. They are the security for the country, both for internal and external threats. Police are more internal security, dealing with crimes caused by the general population. Army deals with outside threats, by addressing situations that are overseasRead MoreHome of the Free and Land of the Secure1248 Words   |  5 Pagespeople from an oppressive society to one of security? Taking a look at the past, we can figure out what will work and what has failed. To reform the security sector we have to look inside and then work our way out in order to establish lasting peace. Both Liberia and Macedonia have displayed the problems and benefits that arise when trying to reform the Security Sector politically and in a post-war society. Force won’t work; countries that need reform have to be approached carefully. Countries thatRead MoreFinancial Sector Reforms : A Summary1074 Words   |  5 Pages2. 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The SSR uses the help of the citizens currently in place to form the democracyRead MoreChanges Of Indian Economy And The Social Sectors, Poverty, And Reform1432 Words   |  6 PagesSectorial changes in Indian Economy with reference to Liberalization, Privatization Globalization post 1991 - The social sectors, Poverty and Reform Introduction In July 1991 the new model of economic reforms in India know as Globalization, Liberalization and Privatization started to create an economy that was the fastest building economy. This reform was successful in terms of building the economy but as India has a diverse society the rapid growth bought inequalities in the society. As a consequence